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Computer Architectures (AE0B36APO)
anglická výuka
předmět denního studia, výuka v angličtině, v tomto semestru se vyučuje
Rozsah (přednášky + cvičení): 2+2L
Zakončení: Zápočet, zkouška
rozvrh na FEL
Anotace:
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Subject provides overview of basic building blocks of computer systems. Explanation starts from hardware side where it extends knowledge presented in the previous lectures of Structures of computer systems.
Topics cover building blocks description, CPU structure, multiple processors interconnections, input/output subsystem and basic overview of network and buses topologies. Emphasis is placed on clarification of interconnection of hardware components with software support, mainly lower levels of operating systems, device drivers and virtualization techniques. General principles are more elaborated during presentation of examples of multiple standard CPU architectures. Exercises are more focused on the software view to the contrary. Students are lead from basic programming on CPU level to the interaction with raw hardware.
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Osnova:
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- Architecture, structure and organization of computers and its subsystems.
- Central Processing Unit (CPU) - arithmetic logic unit (ALU), von Neumann architecture, instruction set and encoding, single cycle processor, control unit (CU)
- Memory - Hierarchical concept, storage technologies, memory management, MMU, data caching, data consistency
- Pipelined instruction execution, hazards, stages balancing, super-scalar systems
- Input output subsystem of the computer, shared bus, point-to-point connections, networks, PCI and PCI express, burst mode
- Industrial computers buses (VME), MULTIBUS, PCIe protocol, reasons to replace parallel buses by multi-lane serial buses, disc storage, data protection and RAID
- External events processing (interrupts), exceptions, real time clocks, direct memory access, bus master peripherals
- Processors and computers networks - Topologies, communication, categories LAN, MAN, WAN, networks of control computers
- Parameters passing to subroutines and operating system implemented virtual instructions. Stack frames, register windows, privilege modes switching and system calls implementation.
- Classic register memory-oriented CISC architecture.
- MMU implementation, cache, busses etc.
- INTEL x86 processor family from 8086 to EMT64, main focus on 32-bit and 64-bit operating modes supplemented with compatibility dictated 16-bit 8086 mode and 80286 segmented approach and why it is used minimally by todays OSes. SIMD instruction examples (MMX, SSE).
- Short overview of CPU architectures and concepts development (RISC/CISC) - CPU examples ARM, ColdFire, SPARC, PowerPC and CPUs optimized for embedded applications
- Multi-level computer organization, virtual machines.
- Portable bytecode and virtual programming environments (Java, C#/.Net). Virtualization techniques (i.e. XEN, VMWARE) and paravirtualization.
- Analog and digital I/O interfacing, data acquisition and processing
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Osnova cvičení:
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- Introduction to the labs, computer number formats, numeral systems, entrance test
- Integer and floating point number representation and operations
- Basic processor structure and instruction set
- Hierarchical memory concept, cache
- Pipeline and hazards
- Branch prediction and code optimization
- Memory mapped I/O regions
- I/O buses and peripherals implementation
- Mid-term test. Introduction to low level C programming
- Semester project assignment
- Independent solving of main task
- Independent solving of main task
- Main task hand in and presentation
- Assessment
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Literatura:
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[1] Hennessy, J. L., and D. A. Patterson. Computer Architecture: A
Quantitative Approach, 3rd ed. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufman, 2002.
ISBN: 1558605967.
[2] Patterson, D. A., and J. L. Hennessy. Computer Organization and
Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, 3rd ed. San Mateo, CA: Morgan
Kaufman, 2004. ISBN: 1558606041.
[3] Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Structured Computer Organization. Printice Hall, 2006. ISBN-10:0131485210.
[4] Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Computer Networks. Prentice Hall 2003. ISBN-10:0-13-066102-3.
[5] Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Modern Operating Systems. Prentice Hall 2001
[6] Hyde, R.: The Art of Assembly Language, 2003, 928 pp.
ISBN-10 1-886411-97-2
ISBN-13 978-1-886411-97
http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/AoA/
[7] Bach., M., J.: The Design of the UNIX Operating System,
Prentice Hall, 1986
[8] Bayko., J.: Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present
http://www.cpushack.com/CPU/cpu.html
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Požadavky:
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Basic knowledge of C language and area of combinatorial and sequential
logic circuits. Basic knowledge of command line and compilers use
in POSIX standard conformant environment (i.e. Linux) is invited.
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Vyučující:
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